In appealing to the millions of Americans who’d already lost their jobs as the credit-led boom ended, Obama’s presidential campaign touted economic nationalism, using slogans like “Buy American, Vote Obama”. He promised a requirement for the US government to buy American-built vehicles in a grim echo of Gordon Brown’s infamous “British Jobs for British Workers” remarks.
The protectionist provisions in Obama’s economic package bill now in Congress, including the use of domestic steel and manufacturing products in infrastructure projects funded by the stimulus package, have had to be watered down because the US is signed up to the World Trade Organisation’s agreement on international tendering for government procurements. Even so, among the countries which didn’t sign up are China, Brazil and India, so they can be excluded from tendering.
Opposition to Obama’s plans is mounting among capitalist rivals. Japan’s prime minister Taro Aso condemned the proposals in the Japanese Diet, the European Union has warned of trade litigation, and Australia’s government talks of trade war. Should the Buy American provisions survive, retaliation from countries throughout the world is sure to follow.
Even American firms are fearful about the consequences of the turn to economic nationalism. Thomas Donohue, president of the US Chamber of Commerce, said: “Such provisions would cost American jobs, trigger retaliation from our trading partners, slow economic recovery by delaying shovel-ready infrastructure and cede our leadership role as a long-standing proponent of free and fair trade and global engagement.”
The US Chamber has a better idea of what’s coming than the new president and his team. In a blog on its site it says:
Then there’s the lesson of history, which is that protectionism in the 1930s made the Great Depression worse. Here is the Encyclopaedia Britannica on the Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930, which raised import duties to protect American farmers and businesses: "Within two years, some two dozen countries adopted similar ‘beggar-thy-neighbour’ duties, making worse an already beleaguered world economy and reducing global trade. U.S. imports from and exports to Europe fell by some two-thirds between 1929 and 1932, while overall global trade declined by similar levels in the four years that the legislation was in effect.
Now that the debt-funded markets for their commodities have crashed, no national or even international “stimulus” programme can put them back on the path to growth. Obama’s own pledge to bring a “new politics” to Washington is already running into the sand. His bill is under fire in the US media for being the same old “pork barrel” politics. His call in the Washington Post for bipartisanship and an urgent response at a time when unless action is taken “our nation will sink deeper into a crisis that, at some point, we may not be able to reverse”, made no impression on Republicans in the Senate, who simply favour cutting taxes for the rich.
What history has shown, and Marx explained, is that before a new period of growth can begin, the surplus productive capacity accumulated during the boom years has to be destroyed. The shocking increase in unemployment that sets worker against worker is just the starting point of that process of destruction. The real enemy is capital itself, and the corporations and governments that do its bidding. They must be stopped. To paraphrase Roosevelt's famous remark on his inauguration in 1932, the only thing we have to fear is capitalism itself.
Gerry Gold
Economics editor
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