The drive to put the chemical industry totally in control of
agriculture is resulting in record profits for agri-chemical giant Monsanto and
record droughts last year for the United States ,
Brazil and other parts of South America .
Hang on – isn’t it a bit tenuous to directly connect the one
to the other, the profits to the drought? Well, the global corporations and
their servile governments would say so, but if you unpick the relationship it
is clear enough.
Monsanto’s earnings in the three months to November 2012
were $339 billion, up from $126 billion the previous year, that’s two and a
half times greater. This resulted from a 27% increase in sales of genetically
modified corn seeds, mainly to farmers in Brazil ,
Argentina and Mexico ,
and of pesticides, particularly the weed killer Roundup.
It is axiomatic that if Monsanto sells more GM corn seed it
will sell more Roundup, because the main characteristic of GM corn is that it “Roundup
ready” and can tolerate repeated applications. It’s a deadly symbiotic relationship
that is polluting land and water supply throughout the world.
Of course, all this intensive cropping needs more
fertiliser. Since 1990, consumption of fertiliser in Brazil
has increased by 7% every single year and in China
and India
by 5%.
This intensive style of agriculture abuses the soil by
forcing it to produce more than it is organically able to. As the soil become impoverished,
more and more fertiliser and pesticides are applied. As the markets for grain
increase, more and more land is drawn into this cycle of degradation.
Over the past five decades, global arable land increased by
67 million hectares, much of it from cleared forests or scrub, transforming
carbon sinks into carbon emitters.
Why do we need these vast quantities of grain and oil crops?
It is not for food, but to service the expansion of the highly profitable
(deeply unhealthy) meat diet from the developed capitalist economies to the
rest of the world. And it is also to expand into the highly profitable (and
subsidised by us) bioethanol market.
The global industrialised food system is responsible for
one-third of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, according
to a report from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Research (CGIAR), a partnership of 15 research centres around the world. And
agriculture is responsible for 86% of that, closely followed by fertiliser
manufacture and refrigeration.
Last year was the hottest
in US history (as far back as the records go) with more than 62% of the
land mass suffering some level of drought. The drought has continued into
winter and next year’s early wheat may not germinate. There have been wildfires
in December.
In north-eastern Brazil , cattle are dying in
thousands and farmers are reduced to feeding them cactus. The drought
threatens power cuts in big cities like Salvador
and Recife , as
the water falls below the levels where hydro-electric power stations can
function.
But Monsanto’s US order book is reported to be extremely
healthy. The drought has made American farmers fear a seed shortage so they are
getting their orders in early. Monsanto’s scientists are working flat out on “drought-resistant”
seed – so they can profit further from the climate crisis they helped create.
This is entirely in line with the logic of a system that
- squanders billions of tons of animal, including human,
waste instead of composting it into organic fertiliser
- feeds protein and carbohydrate to cattle while humans
starve
- clears rainforest to grow palm to make bioethanol, and
calls it “tackling climate change”
- adds to greenhouse gas emissions by transporting food
thousands of miles from places where people are starving, to places where they
are dying from obesity-related diseases.
Penny Cole
Environment editor
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