Gamblers, speculators and investors on the world’s capital
markets are watching and wondering what is going to happen now, in the wake of
the US Federal Reserves’ decision to begin slowing the growth of credit.
There is widespread concern that the relatively minor
reduction of $10bn per month in the US quantitative easing programme - from
$85bn to $75bn – will trigger a new, much greater period of volatility than
occurred last year, when the proposal for “tapering” was mooted.
The
latest World Bank report is couched in terms which attempt to calm and
limit precipitate action by the people who manage the world’s capital whilst
preserving what they claim are “healthy signs” for the masters of the global
economy, if not for the 99%.
Nevertheless the Bank warned that “a severely negative
response to the return of monetary policy to normal might lead to capital flows
to emerging markets falling by up to 80% for several months.”
Despite its professed humanitarian objectives for
eradicating extreme poverty, reducing inequality, improving health and
promoting environmental sustainability, in practice the World Bank is a key
agency for promoting global capital.
In the 1980s it used a policy of so-called “structural
adjustment”, drawing countries hit by crisis into debt dependency in exchange
for a damaging involvement in labour-intensive production of commodities for
export to the globalising economy. The result was impoverishment for millions.
The Bank became increasingly subject to the demands of
corporations which were busy growing into transnational behemoths. In the 1990s
it was instrumental in the adoption of the “Washington Consensus”. This
involved the dismantling of international controls on capital flows,
deregulation of markets, privatisation of public utilities and reducing the
independence of national governments.
Now the Bank is attempting to assess the likely consequences
of the slowing and ending of five-year post-crash, loose-money global hysteria
and to prepare countries for what is to come. Its attempt at being encouraging
is hardly convincing, predicting a modest “acceleration” in global growth.
Its assessment of risks and uncertainties provides a more
sobering view. In the eurozone area things are particularly gloomy, with the
report admitting that there “is still a long road ahead before all of the
problems that the global financial crisis laid bare are fully resolved”.
The World Bank acknowledges that the “drivers” of the growth
required to come out of recession “remain unclear” and adds: “Moreover with the
banking sector still weak and details on a fully fledged banking union still
being worked out, the currency bloc remains susceptible to shocks, including a
tightening of policy in the United States.”
It expresses concern about “significant amounts of spare
capacity” that have opened up and “a permanent deterioration in job skills and
employability of the jobless”. The report adds: “At the same time, continued
sharp credit contractions raise the spectre of deflation, which could
exacerbate debt overhang problems and result in a much more muted recovery than
considered in the baseline.”
And in China where extreme volumes of credit have limited
the slowing of growth since the crash, the Bank warns that “abrupt unwinding of
investment in China [there] remains a possibility, which if realised could
sharply reduce GDP by 3% or more with significant knock on effects in the
region and other economies with close trading linkages”.
Today’s news direct from China won’t be encouraging for the
calm, measured approach the World Bank would like to see. The uncontrolled
shadow banking sector now accounts for more than 30% of total finance in the
world’s second biggest economy, up from 23% a year ago.
There’s a recipe for global volatility, if ever there was
one.
Gerry Gold
Economics editor
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